Blog

Evolution of HTML language

Author: | Category: HTML 101, Web Development, World Wide Web
Evolution of HTML WordPress Web Sties Miami

HTML is an evolving language. It doesn’t stay the same for long before a revised set of standards and specifications are brought in to allow easier creation of prettier and more efficient sites. Let’s start at the beginning…

HTML 1.0

HTML 1.0 was the first release of HTML to the world. Not many people were involved in website creation at the time, and the language was very limiting. There really wasn’t much you could do with it bar getting some simple text onto the web. But then, just that got the beardos a-foamin’ back in the day.

HTML 2.0

HTML 2.0 included everything from the original 1.0 specifications but added a few new features to the mix. » HTML 2.0 was the standard for website design until January 1997 and defined many core HTML features for the first time.

HTML 3.0

More and more people were getting into the HTML game around now, and while the previous standards offered some decent abilities to webmasters (as they became known), they thirsted for more abilities and tags. They wanted to enhance the look of their sites.

This is where trouble started. A company called Netscape was the clear leader in the browser market at the time, with a browser called Netscape Navigator. To appease the cries of the HTML authors, they introduced new proprietary tags and attributes into their Netscape Navigator browser. These new abilities were called Netscape extension tags. This caused big problems as other browsers tried to replicate the effects of these tags so as not to be left behind but could not get their browsers to display things the same way. This meant that if you designed a page with Netscape ETs, the page would look bad in other browsers. This caused confusion and irritation for the markup pioneers.

Dave RaggettAt this time, a HTML working group, led by a man named » Dave Raggett introduced a new HTML draft, HTML 3.0. It included many new and improved abilities for HTML, and promised far more powerful opportunities for webmasters to design their pages. Sadly, the browsers were awfully slow in implementing any of the new improvements, only adding in a few and leaving out the rest. Partly, this failure can be attributed to the size of the overhaul; and so the HTML 3.0 spec was abandoned.

Thankfully, the people in charge noted this and so future improvements were always designed to be modular. This meant they could be added in stages, which makes it easier on the browser companies.

HTML 3.2

The browser-specific tags kept coming, and it became increasingly apparent that a standard needed to be found. To this end, the » World Wide Web Consortium(abbreviated to the W3C) was founded in 1994 to standardise the language and keep it evolving in the right direction. Their first work was code-named WILBUR, and later became known as » HTML 3.2. This was a toned-down change to the existing standards, leaving many of the big steps forward for later versions. Most of the extensions tags that had been introduced by Netscape (and to a lesser-extent, Microsoft) did not make it into these new standards. It soon caught on and became the official standard in January ’97, and today practically all browsers support it fully.

HTML 4.01

HTML 4.0 was a large evolution of the HTML standards, and the last iteration of classic HTML. Early in development it had the code-name COUGAR. Most of the new functionality brought in this time is from the ill-fated HTML 3.0 spec, as well as a host of trimmings on old tags, a focus on internationalisation, and support for HTML’s new supporting presentational language, cascading stylesheets.

HTML 4.0 was recommended by the W3C in December ’97 and became the official standard in April 1998. Browser support was undertaken surprisingly earnestly by Microsoft in their Internet Explorer browser, and the market-leading IE5 (and current successor IE6) have excellent support for almost all of the new tags and attributes. In comparison, Netscape’s terribly flawed Navigator 4.7 was inept when it came to HTML 4.0 and even basic CSS. Modern browsers however, are a vast improvement.

Once HTML 4.0 had been out for a little while, the documentation was revised and corrected in a few minor ways and was entitled HTML 4.01; the final version of the specification.

Head on over to the W3C site for the » official documentation; and to read more about the new tags, attributes and redundancies brought about by this new standard, read our article, HTML 4 Explained.

XHTML 1.0

Close to the beginning of the 21st century the W3C issued their » specifications of XHTML 1.0 as a recommendation. Since January 26, 2000 it stands as the joint-standard with HTML 4.01. XHTML marks a departure from the way new specs have worked — it is an entirely new branch of HTML, incorporating the rigours of » XML, so that code must be properly written if it is to work once it reaches the reader’s browser. There weren’t many new or deprecated tags and attributes in XHTML, but some things changed with a view of increased accessibility and functionality. It’s mainly just a new set of coding rules. Read all about it properly in XHTML Explained.

HTML5

After HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0, the guys who were in control of HTML’s direction got sidetracked working on a new proposal for XHTML 2. At the same time, clever web developers were innovating constantly, hacking new functionality into websites and browsers. The path that XHTML 2 was taking started to look both boring and unrealistic, and it became pretty clear that a new approach was needed.

It was around this time that a bunch of pragmatic web technology fans, browser programmers and specification writers started building something of their own, outside of the usual W3C procedures. They called themselves the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), and developed a new spec. After some soul-searching, the W3C decided that HTML was still the future of the web. XHTML 2 was discontinued and HTML5 became the new specification that everyone’s effort should be poured into.

HTML5 is designed for the web, both now and in the future. This is the specification that we will be working with for the next decade at least, so the process of its development is relatively slow and considered. Many parts will be familiar, but there’s also plenty of new elements, attributes and abilities to get excited about. You can check the latest version of the spec if you want all the detail. A full tutorial on HTML Source about the changes in HTML5 is forthcoming.


Throughout HTML Source I will be teaching using the HTML 4.01 standard. The percentage of people using recently released browsers is high enough now for it to be safe to design sites using new HTML 4.01 elements and stylesheets. I’ll make sure that those who won’t see the optimum version of your site will still be able to use it, and wherever a relatively new piece of code is taught in a tutorial I will always make reference to that in a browser compatibility box.

Requests a Quote

    Categories

    Latest Topics

    Google Analytics 4, Is your website ready?

    If you use Google Analytics and have not upgraded to the latest GA4 then on 1st July 2023 you will stop receiving tracking data You need to make your your site is updated with the new GA4 tracking code If your website was built before October 14, 2020, you’re probably...

    The Benefits of Having Your Website in Multiple Languages

    We now live in a time when our first instinct is to turn to the web whenever we’re considering buying something. We perform an online search on the brand or go directly to the company’s website. Even when other people make recommendations via peer-to-peer marketing,...

    SiteGround Web The Best Hosting Services for WordPress

    AN IN-DEPTH REVIEW OF SITEGROUND HOSTING PLANS AND SERVICES Do I recommend it? Yes! SiteGround is a great web host for websites of all sizes. SiteGround is one of the most popular web hosting services out there—and for good reason. They offer hosting options and plans...

    What is SEO? the Beginner’s Guide to Search Engine Optimization

    WHAT IS SEO? SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the marketing process to increase visibility within the organic search results, for the specific purpose of obtaining more traffic for a website. HOW SEO WORKS Every major search engine such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo...

    How to Create a Multilingual WordPress Site with WPML

    Do you want to make your website available in multiple languages? By default, WordPress does not come with features required to create a proper multilingual site. That’s why in this tutorial, we will show you how to create a multilingual WordPress site with the...

    10 Things to remember before launching your WordPress web site

    When building a WordPress site, there’s a number of things you should do prior to launching it. From content to design to the legalities of setting up your site, check below for some essential things to check off before your site is viewable to the world.  1. BE...

    Stripe vs PayPal and Payment Gateways: Who should you choose?

    https://stripe.com You've been hearing more and more about Stripe, the hottest new payment processor on the block. But what about PayPal? They have a trusted brand and a long history of processing payments on the web. Let's do a thorough review of Stripe vs PayPal....

    5 Digital Marketing Myths You Need to Stop Believing

    Every digital phenomenon has a tendency to generate ideas that mystify and distort its essence, and digital marketing is no different. From the moment people realized they could promote themselves online, there have been stories about what works, what doesn’t, and...

    Mindbody Branded Web

    MindBody Scheduling system, leading front desk application for Gyms, Studios, Personal Trainers and Yoga Studios. Integrate MindBody on your WordPress web site using MindBody Branded tools. Easily integrate your schedule with your website so clients stay on your site...

    Why you Need SSL to Rank Better and How to Set it

    This time last year we made a list of SEO trends for 2015, mentioning Google’s HTTPS Everywhere initiative as one of the ideas that were to become more important for webmasters in the following years. First announced back in August 2014 at Google’s I/O Conference,...